Configuring orcharhino Proxies with a Load Balancer

Load Balancing Solution Architecture

You can configure orcharhino Server to use a load balancer to distribute client requests and network load across multiple orcharhino Proxies. This results in an overall performance improvement on orcharhino Proxies.

This guide outlines how to prepare orcharhino Server and orcharhino Proxy for load balancing, and provides guidelines on how to configure a load balancer and register clients in a load-balanced setup.

A load-balanced setup consists of the following components:

orcharhino Server
Two or more orcharhino Proxies
A load balancer
Multiple clients

Figure 1. orcharhino Load Balancing Solution Architecture

In a load-balanced setup, nearly all orcharhino Proxy functionality continues to work as expected when one orcharhino Proxy is down, for planned or unplanned maintenance. Load balancer works with the following services and features:

Registration using subscription-manager
Content Management with yum repositories
Optional: Puppet

In the load-balanced setup, a load balancer distributes load only for the services and features mentioned above. If other services, such as provisioning or virt-who, are running on the individual orcharhino Proxies, you must access them directly through orcharhino Proxies and not through the load balancer.

Managing Puppet Limitations

Puppet Certificate Authority (CA) management does not support certificate signing in a load-balanced setup. Puppet CA stores certificate information, such as the serial number counter and CRL, on the file system. Multiple writer processes that attempt to use the same data can corrupt it.

To manage this Puppet limitation, complete the following steps:

Configure Puppet certificate signing on one orcharhino Proxy, typically the first system where you configure orcharhino Proxy for load balancing.
Configure the clients to send CA requests to port 8141 on a load balancer.
Configure a load balancer to redirect CA requests from port 8141 to port 8140 on the system where you configure orcharhino Proxy to sign Puppet certificates.

Load Balancing Considerations

Distributing load between several orcharhino Proxies prevents any one orcharhino Proxy from becoming a single point of failure. Configuring orcharhino Proxies to use a load balancer can provide resilience against planned and unplanned outages. This improves availability and responsiveness.

Consider the following guidelines when configuring load balancing:

If you use Puppet, Puppet certificate signing is assigned to the first orcharhino Proxy that you configure. If the first orcharhino Proxy is down, clients cannot obtain Puppet content.
This solution does not use Pacemaker or other similar HA tools to maintain one state across all orcharhino Proxies. To troubleshoot issues, reproduce the issue on each orcharhino Proxy, bypassing the load balancer.

Additional Maintenance Required for Load Balancing

Configuring orcharhino Proxies to use a load balancer results in a more complex environment and requires additional maintenance.

The following additional steps are required for load balancing:

You must ensure that all orcharhino Proxies have the same Content Views and synchronize all orcharhino Proxies to the same Content View versions
You must upgrade each orcharhino Proxy in sequence
You must backup each orcharhino Proxy that you configure regularly

Upgrading orcharhino Proxies in a Load Balancing Configuration

There are no additional steps required for orcharhino Proxies in a load balancing configuration.

Prerequisites for Configuring orcharhino Proxies for Load Balancing

You can find a list of requirements for orcharhino Proxy in Installing orcharhino Proxy.

Configuring orcharhino Proxies for Load Balancing

This chapter outlines how to configure orcharhino Proxies for load balancing. Proceed to one of the following sections depending on your orcharhino Server configuration:

Configuring orcharhino Proxy with Default SSL Certificates for Load Balancing without Puppet
Configuring orcharhino Proxy with Default SSL Certificates for Load Balancing with Puppet
Configuring orcharhino Proxy with Custom SSL Certificates for Load Balancing without Puppet
Configuring orcharhino Proxy with Custom SSL Certificates for Load Balancing with Puppet

Use different file names for the Katello certificates you create for each orcharhino Proxy. For example, name the certificate archive file with orcharhino Proxy FQDN.

Configuring orcharhino Proxy with Default SSL Certificates for Load Balancing without Puppet

The following section describes how to configure orcharhino Proxies that use default SSL certificates for load balancing without Puppet. Complete this procedure on each orcharhino Proxy that you want to configure for load balancing.

Procedure

On orcharhino Server, generate Katello certificates for orcharhino Proxy:
```
# foreman-proxy-certs-generate \
--certs-tar "/root/orcharhino-proxy.network2.example.com-certs.tar" \
--foreman-proxy-cname loadbalancer.example.com \
--foreman-proxy-fqdn orcharhino-proxy.network2.example.com
```
Retain a copy of the example orcharhino-installer command that is output by the foreman-proxy-certs-generate command for installing orcharhino Proxy certificate.

Copy the certificate archive file from orcharhino Server to orcharhino Proxy.

# scp /root/orcharhino-proxy.network2.example.com-certs.tar root@orcharhino-proxy.network2.example.com:/root/orcharhino-proxy.network2.example.com-certs.tar

Append the following options to the orcharhino-installer command that you obtain from the output of the foreman-proxy-certs-generate command:
```
--certs-cname "loadbalancer.example.com" \
--enable-foreman-proxy-plugin-remote-execution-script
```

On orcharhino Proxy, enter the orcharhino-installer command:

# orcharhino-installer \
--certs-cname "loadbalancer.example.com" \
--certs-tar-file "orcharhino-proxy.network2.example.com-certs.tar" \
--enable-foreman-proxy-plugin-remote-execution-script \
--foreman-proxy-foreman-base-url "https://orcharhino.example.com" \
--foreman-proxy-oauth-consumer-key "oauth key" \
--foreman-proxy-oauth-consumer-secret "oauth secret" \
--foreman-proxy-register-in-foreman "true" \
--foreman-proxy-trusted-hosts "orcharhino.example.com" \
--foreman-proxy-trusted-hosts "orcharhino-proxy.network2.example.com"

Configuring orcharhino Proxy with Default SSL Certificates for Load Balancing with Puppet

The following section describes how to configure orcharhino Proxies that use default SSL certificates for load balancing with Puppet.

If you use Puppet in your orcharhino configuration, you must complete the following procedures:

Configuring orcharhino Proxy with Default SSL Certificates to Generate and Sign Puppet Certificates
Configuring Remaining orcharhino Proxies with Default SSL Certificates for Load Balancing

Configuring orcharhino Proxy with Default SSL Certificates to Generate and Sign Puppet Certificates

Complete this procedure only for the system where you want to configure orcharhino Proxy to generate and sign Puppet certificates for all other orcharhino Proxies that you configure for load balancing.

Procedure

On orcharhino Server, generate Katello certificates for the system where you configure orcharhino Proxy to generate and sign Puppet certificates:
```
# foreman-proxy-certs-generate \
--certs-tar "/root/orcharhino-proxy-ca.example.com-certs.tar" \
--foreman-proxy-cname loadbalancer.example.com \
--foreman-proxy-fqdn orcharhino-proxy-ca.example.com
```
Retain a copy of the example orcharhino-installer command that is output by the foreman-proxy-certs-generate command for installing orcharhino Proxy certificate.

Copy the certificate archive file from orcharhino Server to orcharhino Proxy:

# scp /root/orcharhino-proxy-ca.example.com-certs.tar root@orcharhino-proxy-ca.example.com:orcharhino-proxy-ca.example.com-certs.tar

Append the following options to the orcharhino-installer command that you obtain from the output of the foreman-proxy-certs-generate command:

--certs-cname "loadbalancer.example.com" \
--enable-foreman-proxy-plugin-remote-execution-script \
--foreman-proxy-puppetca "true" \
--puppet-ca-server "orcharhino-proxy-ca.example.com" \
--puppet-dns-alt-names "loadbalancer.example.com" \
--puppet-server-ca "true"

On orcharhino Proxy, enter the orcharhino-installer command:

# orcharhino-installer \
--certs-cname "loadbalancer.example.com" \
--certs-tar-file "orcharhino-proxy-ca.example.com-certs.tar" \
--enable-foreman-proxy-plugin-remote-execution-script \
--enable-puppet \
--foreman-proxy-foreman-base-url "https://orcharhino.example.com" \
--foreman-proxy-oauth-consumer-key "oauth key" \
--foreman-proxy-oauth-consumer-secret "oauth secret" \
--foreman-proxy-puppetca "true" \
--foreman-proxy-register-in-foreman "true" \
--foreman-proxy-trusted-hosts "orcharhino.example.com" \
--foreman-proxy-trusted-hosts "orcharhino-proxy-ca.example.com" \
--puppet-ca-server "orcharhino-proxy-ca.example.com" \
--puppet-dns-alt-names "loadbalancer.example.com" \
--puppet-server true \
--puppet-server-ca "true" \
--puppet-server-foreman-url "https://orcharhino.example.com"

On orcharhino Proxy, stop the Puppet server:

# puppet resource service puppetserver ensure=stopped

Generate Puppet certificates for all other orcharhino Proxies that you configure for load balancing, except the first system where you configure Puppet certificates signing:
```
# puppetserver ca generate \
--ca-client \
--certname orcharhino-proxy.network2.example.com \
--subject-alt-names loadbalancer.example.com
```
This command creates the following files on the system where you configure orcharhino Proxy to sign Puppet certificates:
- /etc/puppetlabs/puppet/ssl/certs/orcharhino-proxy.network2.example.com.pem
- /etc/puppetlabs/puppet/ssl/certs/ca.pem
- /etc/puppetlabs/puppet/ssl/private_keys/orcharhino-proxy.network2.example.com.pem
- /etc/puppetlabs/puppet/ssl/public_keys/orcharhino-proxy.network2.example.com.pem

Resume the Puppet server:

# puppet resource service puppetserver ensure=running

Configuring Remaining orcharhino Proxies with Default SSL Certificates for Load Balancing

Complete this procedure on each orcharhino Proxy excluding the system where you configure orcharhino Proxy to sign Puppet certificates.

Procedure

On orcharhino Server, generate Katello certificates for orcharhino Proxy:
```
# foreman-proxy-certs-generate \
--certs-tar "/root/orcharhino-proxy.network2.example.com-certs.tar" \
--foreman-proxy-cname loadbalancer.example.com \
--foreman-proxy-fqdn orcharhino-proxy.network2.example.com
```
Retain a copy of the example orcharhino-installer command that is output by the foreman-proxy-certs-generate command for installing orcharhino Proxy certificate.

Copy the certificate archive file from orcharhino Server to orcharhino Proxy:

# scp /root/orcharhino-proxy.network2.example.com-certs.tar root@orcharhino-proxy.network2.example.com:/root/orcharhino-proxy.network2.example.com-certs.tar

On orcharhino Proxy, install the puppetserver package:
```
# dnf install puppetserver
```

On orcharhino Proxy, create directories for puppet certificates:

# mkdir -p /etc/puppetlabs/puppet/ssl/certs/ \
/etc/puppetlabs/puppet/ssl/private_keys/ \
/etc/puppetlabs/puppet/ssl/public_keys/

On orcharhino Proxy, copy the Puppet certificates for this orcharhino Proxy from the system where you configure orcharhino Proxy to sign Puppet certificates:

# scp root@orcharhino-proxy-ca.example.com:/etc/puppetlabs/puppet/ssl/certs/orcharhino-proxy.network2.example.com.pem /etc/puppetlabs/puppet/ssl/certs/orcharhino-proxy.network2.example.com.pem
# scp root@orcharhino-proxy-ca.example.com:/etc/puppetlabs/puppet/ssl/certs/ca.pem /etc/puppetlabs/puppet/ssl/certs/ca.pem
# scp root@orcharhino-proxy-ca.example.com:/etc/puppetlabs/puppet/ssl/private_keys/orcharhino-proxy.network2.example.com.pem /etc/puppetlabs/puppet/ssl/private_keys/orcharhino-proxy.network2.example.com.pem
# scp root@orcharhino-proxy-ca.example.com:/etc/puppetlabs/puppet/ssl/public_keys/orcharhino-proxy.network2.example.com.pem /etc/puppetlabs/puppet/ssl/public_keys/orcharhino-proxy.network2.example.com.pem

On orcharhino Proxy, change the /etc/puppetlabs/puppet/ssl/ directory ownership to user puppet and group puppet:
```
# chown -R puppet:puppet /etc/puppetlabs/puppet/ssl/
```
On orcharhino Proxy, set the SELinux context for the /etc/puppetlabs/puppet/ssl/ directory:
```
# restorecon -Rv /etc/puppetlabs/puppet/ssl/
```

Append the following options to the orcharhino-installer command that you obtain from the output of the foreman-proxy-certs-generate command:

--certs-cname "loadbalancer.example.com" \
--enable-foreman-proxy-plugin-remote-execution-script \
--foreman-proxy-puppetca "false" \
--puppet-ca-server "orcharhino-proxy-ca.example.com" \
--puppet-dns-alt-names "loadbalancer.example.com" \
--puppet-server-ca "false"

On orcharhino Proxy, enter the orcharhino-installer command:

# orcharhino-installer \
--certs-cname "loadbalancer.example.com" \
--certs-tar-file "orcharhino-proxy.network2.example.com-certs.tar" \
--enable-foreman-proxy-plugin-remote-execution-script \
--foreman-proxy-foreman-base-url "https://orcharhino.example.com" \
--foreman-proxy-oauth-consumer-key "oauth key" \
--foreman-proxy-oauth-consumer-secret "oauth secret" \
--foreman-proxy-puppetca "false" \
--foreman-proxy-register-in-foreman "true" \
--foreman-proxy-trusted-hosts "orcharhino.example.com" \
--foreman-proxy-trusted-hosts "orcharhino-proxy.network2.example.com" \
--puppet-ca-server "orcharhino-proxy-ca.example.com" \
--puppet-dns-alt-names "loadbalancer.example.com" \
--puppet-server-ca "false" \
--puppet-server-foreman-url "https://orcharhino.example.com"

Configuring orcharhino Proxy with Custom SSL Certificates for Load Balancing without Puppet

The following section describes how to configure orcharhino Proxies that use custom SSL certificates for load balancing without Puppet.

Creating Custom SSL Certificates for orcharhino Proxy

This procedure outlines how to create a configuration file for the Certificate Signing Request and include the load balancer and orcharhino Proxy as Subject Alternative Names (SAN). Complete this procedure on each orcharhino Proxy that you want to configure for load balancing.

Procedure

On orcharhino Proxy, create a directory to contain all the source certificate files, accessible to only the root user:
```
# mkdir /root/orcharhino-proxy_cert
# cd /root/orcharhino-proxy_cert
```
Create a private key with which to sign the Certificate Signing Request (CSR).

Note that the private key must be unencrypted. If you use a password-protected private key, remove the private key password.

If you already have a private key for this orcharhino Proxy, skip this step.
```
# openssl genrsa -out /root/orcharhino-proxy_cert/orcharhino-proxy_cert_key.pem 4096
```

Create the certificate request configuration file with the following content:

[ req ]
default_bits       = 4096
distinguished_name = req_distinguished_name
req_extensions     = req_ext
prompt = no

[ req_distinguished_name ]
countryName=2 Letter Country Code
stateOrProvinceName=State or Province Full Name
localityName=Locality Name
0.organizationName=Organization Name
organizationalUnitName=orcharhino Proxy Organization Unit Name
commonName=orcharhino-proxy.network2.example.com (1)
emailAddress=Email Address

[ req_ext ]
#authorityKeyIdentifier=keyid,issuer
#basicConstraints=CA:FALSE
keyUsage = digitalSignature, nonRepudiation, keyEncipherment, dataEncipherment
subjectAltName = @alt_names

[alt_names] (2)
DNS.1 = loadbalancer.example.com
DNS.2 = orcharhino-proxy.network2.example.com

1	The certificate’s common name must match the FQDN of orcharhino Proxy. Ensure to change this when running the command on each orcharhino Proxy that you configure for load balancing. You can also set a wildcard value `*`. If you set a wildcard value, you must add the `-t foreman-proxy` option when you use the `katello-certs-check` command.
2	Under `[alt_names]`, include the FQDN of the load balancer as `DNS.1` and the FQDN of orcharhino Proxy as `DNS.2`.

Create a Certificate Signing Request (CSR) for the SAN certificate:
```
# openssl req -new \
-key /root/orcharhino-proxy_cert/orcharhino-proxy_cert_key.pem \ (1)
-config SAN_config.cfg \ (2)
-out /root/orcharhino-proxy_cert/orcharhino-proxy_cert_csr.pem (3)
```
1 orcharhino Proxy’s private key, used to sign the certificate

2 The certificate request configuration file

3 Certificate Signing Request file
Send the certificate request to the Certificate Authority:

When you submit the request, specify the lifespan of the certificate. The method for sending the certificate request varies, so consult the Certificate Authority for the preferred method. In response to the request, you can expect to receive a Certificate Authority bundle and a signed certificate, in separate files.
Copy the Certificate Authority bundle and orcharhino Proxy certificate file that you receive from the Certificate Authority, and orcharhino Proxy private key to your orcharhino Server.

On orcharhino Server, validate orcharhino Proxy certificate input files:

# katello-certs-check \
-c /root/orcharhino-proxy_cert/orcharhino-proxy_cert.pem \ (1)
-k /root/orcharhino-proxy_cert/orcharhino-proxy_cert_key.pem \ (2)
-b /root/orcharhino-proxy_cert/ca_cert_bundle.pem (3)

1	orcharhino Proxy certificate file, provided by your Certificate Authority
2	orcharhino Proxy’s private key that you used to sign the certificate
3	Certificate Authority bundle, provided by your Certificate Authority If you set the `commonName=` to a wildcard value `*`, you must add the `-t foreman-proxy` option to the `katello-certs-check` command. Retain a copy of the example `foreman-proxy-certs-generate` command that is output by the `katello-certs-check` command for creating the Certificate Archive File for this orcharhino Proxy.

Configuring orcharhino Proxy with Custom SSL Certificates for Load Balancing without Puppet

The following section describes how to configure orcharhino Proxies that use custom SSL certificates for load balancing without Puppet. Complete this procedure on each orcharhino Proxy that you want to configure for load balancing.

Procedure

Append the following option to the foreman-proxy-certs-generate command that you obtain from the output of the katello-certs-check command:
```
--foreman-proxy-cname loadbalancer.example.com
```

On orcharhino Server, enter the foreman-proxy-certs-generate command to generate orcharhino Proxy certificates:

# foreman-proxy-certs-generate \
--certs-tar /root/orcharhino-proxy_cert/orcharhino-proxy.tar \
--foreman-proxy-cname loadbalancer.example.com \
--foreman-proxy-fqdn orcharhino-proxy.network2.example.com \
--server-ca-cert /root/orcharhino-proxy_cert/ca_cert_bundle.pem \
--server-cert /root/orcharhino-proxy_cert/orcharhino-proxy.pem \
--server-key /root/orcharhino-proxy_cert/orcharhino-proxy.pem

Retain a copy of the example orcharhino-installer command from the output for installing orcharhino Proxy certificates.

Copy the certificate archive file from orcharhino Server to orcharhino Proxy:

# scp /root/orcharhino-proxy.network2.example.com-certs.tar root@orcharhino-proxy.network2.example.com:orcharhino-proxy.network2.example.com-certs.tar

Append the following options to the orcharhino-installer command that you obtain from the output of the foreman-proxy-certs-generate command:
```
--certs-cname "loadbalancer.example.com" \
--enable-foreman-proxy-plugin-remote-execution-script
```

On orcharhino Proxy, enter the orcharhino-installer command:

# orcharhino-installer \
--certs-cname "loadbalancer.example.com" \
--certs-tar-file "orcharhino-proxy.network2.example.com-certs.tar" \
--enable-foreman-proxy-plugin-remote-execution-script \
--foreman-proxy-foreman-base-url "https://orcharhino.example.com" \
--foreman-proxy-oauth-consumer-key "oauth key" \
--foreman-proxy-oauth-consumer-secret "oauth secret" \
--foreman-proxy-register-in-foreman "true" \
--foreman-proxy-trusted-hosts "orcharhino.example.com" \
--foreman-proxy-trusted-hosts "orcharhino-proxy.network2.example.com"

Configuring orcharhino Proxy with Custom SSL Certificates for Load Balancing with Puppet

If you use Puppet in your orcharhino configuration, then you must complete the following procedures:

Configuring orcharhino Proxy with Custom SSL Certificates to Generate and Sign Puppet Certificates
Configuring Remaining orcharhino Proxies with Custom SSL Certificates for Load Balancing

Creating Custom SSL Certificates for orcharhino Proxy

Procedure

On orcharhino Proxy, create a directory to contain all the source certificate files, accessible to only the root user:
```
# mkdir /root/orcharhino-proxy_cert
# cd /root/orcharhino-proxy_cert
```
Create a private key with which to sign the Certificate Signing Request (CSR).

Note that the private key must be unencrypted. If you use a password-protected private key, remove the private key password.

If you already have a private key for this orcharhino Proxy, skip this step.
```
# openssl genrsa -out /root/orcharhino-proxy_cert/orcharhino-proxy_cert_key.pem 4096
```

Create the certificate request configuration file with the following content:

[ req ]
default_bits       = 4096
distinguished_name = req_distinguished_name
req_extensions     = req_ext
prompt = no

[ req_distinguished_name ]
countryName=2 Letter Country Code
stateOrProvinceName=State or Province Full Name
localityName=Locality Name
0.organizationName=Organization Name
organizationalUnitName=orcharhino Proxy Organization Unit Name
commonName=orcharhino-proxy.network2.example.com (1)
emailAddress=Email Address

[ req_ext ]
#authorityKeyIdentifier=keyid,issuer
#basicConstraints=CA:FALSE
keyUsage = digitalSignature, nonRepudiation, keyEncipherment, dataEncipherment
subjectAltName = @alt_names

[alt_names] (2)
DNS.1 = loadbalancer.example.com
DNS.2 = orcharhino-proxy.network2.example.com

1	The certificate’s common name must match the FQDN of orcharhino Proxy. Ensure to change this when running the command on each orcharhino Proxy that you configure for load balancing. You can also set a wildcard value `*`. If you set a wildcard value, you must add the `-t foreman-proxy` option when you use the `katello-certs-check` command.
2	Under `[alt_names]`, include the FQDN of the load balancer as `DNS.1` and the FQDN of orcharhino Proxy as `DNS.2`.

Create a Certificate Signing Request (CSR) for the SAN certificate:
```
# openssl req -new \
-key /root/orcharhino-proxy_cert/orcharhino-proxy_cert_key.pem \ (1)
-config SAN_config.cfg \ (2)
-out /root/orcharhino-proxy_cert/orcharhino-proxy_cert_csr.pem (3)
```
1 orcharhino Proxy’s private key, used to sign the certificate

2 The certificate request configuration file

3 Certificate Signing Request file
Send the certificate request to the Certificate Authority:

When you submit the request, specify the lifespan of the certificate. The method for sending the certificate request varies, so consult the Certificate Authority for the preferred method. In response to the request, you can expect to receive a Certificate Authority bundle and a signed certificate, in separate files.
Copy the Certificate Authority bundle and orcharhino Proxy certificate file that you receive from the Certificate Authority, and orcharhino Proxy private key to your orcharhino Server.

On orcharhino Server, validate orcharhino Proxy certificate input files:

# katello-certs-check \
-c /root/orcharhino-proxy_cert/orcharhino-proxy_cert.pem \ (1)
-k /root/orcharhino-proxy_cert/orcharhino-proxy_cert_key.pem \ (2)
-b /root/orcharhino-proxy_cert/ca_cert_bundle.pem (3)

1	orcharhino Proxy certificate file, provided by your Certificate Authority
2	orcharhino Proxy’s private key that you used to sign the certificate
3	Certificate Authority bundle, provided by your Certificate Authority If you set the `commonName=` to a wildcard value `*`, you must add the `-t foreman-proxy` option to the `katello-certs-check` command. Retain a copy of the example `foreman-proxy-certs-generate` command that is output by the `katello-certs-check` command for creating the Certificate Archive File for this orcharhino Proxy.

Configuring orcharhino Proxy with Custom SSL Certificates to Generate and Sign Puppet Certificates

Complete this procedure only for the system where you want to configure orcharhino Proxy to generate Puppet certificates for all other orcharhino Proxies that you configure for load balancing.

Procedure

Append the following option to the foreman-proxy-certs-generate command that you obtain from the output of the katello-certs-check command:
```
--foreman-proxy-cname loadbalancer.example.com
```

On orcharhino Server, enter the foreman-proxy-certs-generate command to generate orcharhino Proxy certificates:

# foreman-proxy-certs-generate \
--certs-tar /root/orcharhino-proxy_cert/orcharhino-proxy-ca.tar \
--foreman-proxy-cname loadbalancer.example.com \
--foreman-proxy-fqdn orcharhino-proxy-ca.example.com \
--server-ca-cert /root/orcharhino-proxy_cert/ca_cert_bundle.pem \
--server-cert /root/orcharhino-proxy_cert/orcharhino-proxy-ca.pem \
--server-key /root/orcharhino-proxy_cert/orcharhino-proxy-ca.pem

Retain a copy of the example orcharhino-installer command from the output for installing orcharhino Proxy certificates.

Copy the certificate archive file from orcharhino Server to orcharhino Proxy.

Append the following options to the orcharhino-installer command that you obtain from the output of the foreman-proxy-certs-generate command:

--enable-foreman-proxy-plugin-remote-execution-script \
--foreman-proxy-puppetca "true" \
--puppet-ca-server "orcharhino-proxy-ca.example.com" \
--puppet-dns-alt-names "loadbalancer.example.com" \
--puppet-server-ca "true"

On orcharhino Proxy, enter the orcharhino-installer command:

# orcharhino-installer \
--certs-cname "loadbalancer.example.com" \
--certs-tar-file "certs.tgz" \
--enable-foreman-proxy-plugin-remote-execution-script \
--enable-puppet \
--foreman-proxy-foreman-base-url "https://orcharhino.example.com" \
--foreman-proxy-oauth-consumer-key "oauth key" \
--foreman-proxy-oauth-consumer-secret "oauth secret" \
--foreman-proxy-puppetca "true" \
--foreman-proxy-register-in-foreman "true" \
--foreman-proxy-trusted-hosts "orcharhino.example.com" \
--foreman-proxy-trusted-hosts "orcharhino-proxy-ca.example.com" \
--puppet-ca-server "orcharhino-proxy-ca.example.com" \
--puppet-dns-alt-names "loadbalancer.example.com" \
--puppet-server true \
--puppet-server-ca "true" \
--puppet-server-foreman-url "https://orcharhino.example.com"

On orcharhino Proxy, generate Puppet certificates for all other orcharhino Proxies that you configure for load balancing, except this first system where you configure Puppet certificates signing:
```
# puppet cert generate orcharhino-proxy.network2.example.com \
--dns_alt_names=loadbalancer.example.com
```
This command creates the following files on the Puppet certificate signing orcharhino Proxy instance:
- /etc/puppetlabs/puppet/ssl/certs/ca.pem
- /etc/puppetlabs/puppet/ssl/certs/orcharhino-proxy.network2.example.com.pem
- /etc/puppetlabs/puppet/ssl/private_keys/orcharhino-proxy.network2.example.com.pem
- /etc/puppetlabs/puppet/ssl/public_keys/orcharhino-proxy.network2.example.com.pem

Configuring Remaining orcharhino Proxies with Custom SSL Certificates for Load Balancing

Complete this procedure for each orcharhino Proxy excluding the system where you configure orcharhino Proxy to sign Puppet certificates.

Procedure

Append the following option to the foreman-proxy-certs-generate command that you obtain from the output of the katello-certs-check command:
```
--foreman-proxy-cname loadbalancer.example.com
```

On orcharhino Server, enter the foreman-proxy-certs-generate command to generate orcharhino Proxy certificates:

# foreman-proxy-certs-generate \
--certs-tar /root/orcharhino-proxy_cert/orcharhino-proxy.tar \
--foreman-proxy-cname loadbalancer.example.com \
--foreman-proxy-fqdn orcharhino-proxy.network2.example.com \
--server-ca-cert /root/orcharhino-proxy_cert/ca_cert_bundle.pem \
--server-cert /root/orcharhino-proxy_cert/orcharhino-proxy.pem \
--server-key /root/orcharhino-proxy_cert/orcharhino-proxy.pem

Retain a copy of the example orcharhino-installer command from the output for installing orcharhino Proxy certificates.

Copy the certificate archive file from orcharhino Server to orcharhino Proxy.

# scp /root/orcharhino-proxy.network2.example.com-certs.tar root@orcharhino-proxy.network2.example.com:orcharhino-proxy.network2.example.com-certs.tar

On orcharhino Proxy, install the puppetserver package:
```
# dnf install puppetserver
```

On orcharhino Proxy, create directories for puppet certificates:

# mkdir -p /etc/puppetlabs/puppet/ssl/certs/ \
/etc/puppetlabs/puppet/ssl/private_keys/ \
/etc/puppetlabs/puppet/ssl/public_keys/

On orcharhino Proxy, copy the Puppet certificates for this orcharhino Proxy from the system where you configure orcharhino Proxy to sign Puppet certificates:

# scp root@orcharhino-proxy-ca.example.com:/etc/puppetlabs/puppet/ssl/certs/orcharhino-proxy.network2.example.com.pem /etc/puppetlabs/puppet/ssl/certs/orcharhino-proxy.network2.example.com.pem
# scp root@orcharhino-proxy-ca.example.com:/etc/puppetlabs/puppet/ssl/certs/ca.pem /etc/puppetlabs/puppet/ssl/certs/ca.pem
# scp root@orcharhino-proxy-ca.example.com:/etc/puppetlabs/puppet/ssl/private_keys/orcharhino-proxy.network2.example.com.pem /etc/puppetlabs/puppet/ssl/private_keys/orcharhino-proxy.network2.example.com.pem
# scp root@orcharhino-proxy-ca.example.com:/etc/puppetlabs/puppet/ssl/public_keys/orcharhino-proxy.network2.example.com.pem /etc/puppetlabs/puppet/ssl/public_keys/orcharhino-proxy.network2.example.com.pem

On orcharhino Proxy, change the /etc/puppetlabs/puppet/ssl/ directory ownership to user puppet and group puppet:
```
# chown -R puppet:puppet /etc/puppetlabs/puppet/ssl/
```
On orcharhino Proxy, set the SELinux context for the /etc/puppetlabs/puppet/ssl/ directory:
```
# restorecon -Rv /etc/puppetlabs/puppet/ssl/
```

Append the following options to the orcharhino-installer command that you obtain from the output of the foreman-proxy-certs-generate command:

--certs-cname "loadbalancer.example.com" \
--enable-foreman-proxy-plugin-remote-execution-script \
--foreman-proxy-puppetca "false" \
--puppet-ca-server "orcharhino-proxy-ca.example.com" \
--puppet-dns-alt-names "loadbalancer.example.com" \
--puppet-server-ca "false"

On orcharhino Proxy, enter the orcharhino-installer command:

# orcharhino-installer \
--certs-cname "loadbalancer.example.com" \
--certs-tar-file "orcharhino-proxy.network2.example.com-certs.tar" \
--enable-foreman-proxy-plugin-remote-execution-script \
--foreman-proxy-foreman-base-url "https://orcharhino.example.com" \
--foreman-proxy-oauth-consumer-key "oauth key" \
--foreman-proxy-oauth-consumer-secret "oauth secret" \
--foreman-proxy-puppetca "false" \
--foreman-proxy-register-in-foreman "true" \
--foreman-proxy-trusted-hosts "orcharhino.example.com" \
--foreman-proxy-trusted-hosts "orcharhino-proxy.network2.example.com" \
--puppet-ca-server "orcharhino-proxy-ca.example.com" \
--puppet-dns-alt-names "loadbalancer.example.com" \
--puppet-server-ca "false" \
--puppet-server-foreman-url "https://orcharhino.example.com"

Setting the Load Balancer for Host Registration

You can configure orcharhino to register clients through a load balancer when using the host registration feature.

You will be able to register hosts to the load balancer instead of orcharhino Proxy. The load balancer will decide through which orcharhino Proxy to register the host at the time of request. Upon registration, the subscription manager on the host will be configured to manage content through the load balancer.

Prerequisites

You configured SSL certificates on all orcharhino Proxies. For more information, see Configuring orcharhino Proxies for Load Balancing.

You enabled Registration and Templates plug-ins on all orcharhino Proxies:

# orcharhino-installer \
--foreman-proxy-registration true \
--foreman-proxy-templates true

Procedure

On all orcharhino Proxies, set the registration and template URLs using orcharhino-installer:

# orcharhino-installer \
--foreman-proxy-registration-url "https://loadbalancer.example.com:443" \
--foreman-proxy-template-url "https://loadbalancer.example.com:8000"

In the orcharhino management UI, navigate to Infrastructure > orcharhino Proxies.
For each orcharhino Proxy, click the dropdown menu in the Actions column and select Refresh.

Installing the Load Balancer

The following example provides general guidance for configuring an HAProxy load balancer using Enterprise Linux 8 server. However, you can install any suitable load balancing software solution that supports TCP forwarding.

Procedure

Install HAProxy:
```
# dnf install haproxy
```
Install the following package that includes the semanage tool:
```
# dnf install policycoreutils-python-utils
```

Configure SELinux to allow HAProxy to bind any port:

# semanage boolean --modify --on haproxy_connect_any

Configure the load balancer to balance the network load for the ports as described in Ports Configuration for the Load Balancer. For example, to configure ports for HAProxy, edit the /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg file to correspond with the table.

Table 1. Ports Configuration for the Load Balancer
Service	Port	Mode	Balance Mode	Destination
HTTP	80	TCP	roundrobin	port 80 on all orcharhino Proxies
HTTPS and RHSM	443	TCP	source	port 443 on all orcharhino Proxies
AMQP	5647	TCP	roundrobin	port 5647 on all orcharhino Proxies
Anaconda for template retrieval	8000	TCP	roundrobin	port 8000 on all orcharhino Proxies
Puppet (Optional)	8140	TCP	roundrobin	port 8140 on all orcharhino Proxies
PuppetCA (Optional)	8141	TCP	roundrobin	port 8140 only on the system where you configure orcharhino Proxy to sign Puppet certificates
orcharhino Proxy HTTPS for Host Registration and optionally OpenSCAP	443	TCP	roundrobin	port 443 on all orcharhino Proxies

Configure the load balancer to disable SSL offloading and allow client-side SSL certificates to pass through to back end servers. This is required because communication from clients to orcharhino Proxies depends on client-side SSL certificates.
Start and enable the HAProxy service:
```
# systemctl enable --now haproxy
```

Promoting SCAP Content to Clients

The following section describes how to promote Security Content Automation Protocol (SCAP) content to clients registered to orcharhino Proxies that you configure for load balancing.

Prerequisite

Ensure that you configure the SCAP content. For more information, see Configuring SCAP Content in Administering orcharhino.

Procedure

In the orcharhino management UI, navigate to Configure > Classes and click foreman_scap_client.
Click the Smart Class Parameter tab.
In the pane to the left of the Smart Class Parameter window, click port.
In the Default Behavior area, select the Override checkbox.
From the Key Type list, select integer.
In the Default Value field, enter 443.
In the pane to the left of the Smart Class Parameter window, click server.
In the Default Behavior area, select the Override checkbox.
From the Key Type list, select string.
In the Default Value field, enter the FQDN of your load balancer. For example, loadbalancer.example.com.
In the lower left of the Smart Class Parameter window, click Submit.
Add the puppet module that contains the foreman_scap_client puppet class to a Content View. Publish and promote this Content View to your client’s environment.
If you want to verify the configuration, run the Puppet agent on the client to promote the changes. Do not run the Puppet agent on every client manually because the Puppet agent runs on the clients every 30 minutes.
```
# puppet agent -t --noop
```
On the client, verify that the /etc/foreman_scap_client/config.yaml file contains the following lines:
```
# Foreman proxy to which reports should be uploaded
:server: 'loadbalancer.example.com'
:port: 443
```

Additional Resources

For more information about adding Puppet modules to orcharhino Server, see Installing a Puppet Module on orcharhino Server in Configuring Hosts Using Puppet.
For more information about Content Views, see Managing Content Views in Managing Content.

Registering Clients to the Load Balancer

To balance the load of network traffic from clients, you must register the clients to the load balancer.

To register clients, proceed with one of the following procedures:

Registering Clients Using Host Registration
Registering Clients Using the Bootstrap Script
Registering Clients Manually Using katello ca consumer RPM

Registering Clients Using Host Registration

You can register hosts with orcharhino using the host registration feature in the orcharhino management UI, Hammer CLI, or the orcharhino API. For more information, see Registering Hosts in Managing Hosts.

Procedure

In the orcharhino management UI, navigate to Hosts > Register Host.
From the orcharhino Proxy dropdown list, select the load balancer.
Select Force to register a host that has been previously registered to a orcharhino Proxy.
Click Generate to create the registration command.
Click on the files icon to copy the command to your clipboard.
Connect to your host using SSH and run the registration command.
Ensure that the appropriate repositories have been enabled:
- On Enterprise Linux: Check the /etc/yum.repos.d/redhat.repo file and ensure that the appropriate repositories have been enabled.
- On Debian/Ubuntu: Check the /etc/apt/sources.list file and ensure that the appropriate repositories have been enabled.

CLI procedure

Generate the host registration command using the Hammer CLI:
```
# hammer host-registration generate-command \
--activation-keys "My_Activation_Key"
```
If your hosts do not trust the SSL certificate of orcharhino Server, you can disable SSL validation by adding the --insecure flag to the registration command.
```
# hammer host-registration generate-command \
--activation-keys "My_Activation_Key" \
--insecure true
```
Include the --smart-proxy-id orcharhino Proxy_ID option. You can use the ID of any orcharhino Proxy that you configured for host registration load balancing. orcharhino will apply the load balancer to the registration command automatically.

Include the --force option to register a host that has been previously registered to a orcharhino Proxy.
Connect to your host using SSH and run the registration command.
Ensure that the appropriate repositories have been enabled:
- On Enterprise Linux: Check the /etc/yum.repos.d/redhat.repo file and ensure that the appropriate repositories have been enabled.
- On Debian/Ubuntu: Check the /etc/apt/sources.list file and ensure that the appropriate repositories have been enabled.

API procedure

Generate the host registration command using the orcharhino API:
```
# curl -X POST https://orcharhino.example.com/api/registration_commands \
--user "My_User_Name" \
-H 'Content-Type: application/json' \
-d '{ "registration_command": { "activation_keys": ["My_Activation_Key_1, My_Activation_Key_2"] }}'
```
If your hosts do not trust the SSL certificate of orcharhino Server, you can disable SSL validation by adding the --insecure flag to the registration command.
```
# curl -X POST https://orcharhino.example.com/api/registration_commands \
--user "My_User_Name" \
-H 'Content-Type: application/json' \
-d '{ "registration_command": { "activation_keys": ["My_Activation_Key_1, My_Activation_Key_2"], "insecure": true }}'
```
Use an activation key to simplify specifying the environments. For more information, see Managing Activation Keys in Managing Content.

Include { "smart_proxy_id": orcharhino Proxy_ID }. You can use the ID of any orcharhino Proxy that you configured for host registration load balancing. orcharhino will apply the load balancer to the registration command automatically.

Include { "force": true } to register a host that has been previously registered to a orcharhino Proxy.

To enter a password as a command line argument, use username:password syntax. Keep in mind this can save the password in the shell history. Alternatively, you can use a temporary personal access token instead of a password. To generate a token in the orcharhino management UI, navigate to My Account > Personal Access Tokens.
Connect to your host using SSH and run the registration command.
Ensure that the appropriate repositories have been enabled:
- On Enterprise Linux: Check the /etc/yum.repos.d/redhat.repo file and ensure that the appropriate repositories have been enabled.
- On Debian/Ubuntu: Check the /etc/apt/sources.list file and ensure that the appropriate repositories have been enabled.

(Deprecated) Registering Clients Using the Bootstrap Script

To register clients, enter the following command on the client. You must complete the registration procedure for each client.

Prerequisite

Ensure that you install the bootstrap script on the client and change file permissions of the script to executable. For more information, see Registering Hosts to orcharhino Using The Bootstrap Script in Managing Hosts.

Procedure

On Enterprise Linux 8, enter the following command:

# /usr/libexec/platform-python bootstrap.py \
--activationkey="My_Activation_Key" \
--enablerepos=orcharhino Client \ (1)
--force \ (2)
--hostgroup="My_Hostgroup" \
--location="My_Location" \
--login=admin \
--organization="My_Organization" \
--puppet-ca-port 8141 \ (3)
--server loadbalancer.example.com

1	Replace `<arch>` with the client architecture, for example `x86`.
2	Include the `--force` option to register the client that has been previously registered to a standalone orcharhino Proxy.
3	Include the `--puppet-ca-port 8141` option if you use Puppet.

On Enterprise Linux 7 or 6, enter the following command:

# python bootstrap.py --login=admin \
--activationkey="My_Activation_Key" \
--enablerepos=orcharhino Client \
--force \ (1)
--hostgroup="My_Hostgroup" \
--location="My_Location" \
--organization="My_Organization" \
--puppet-ca-port 8141 \ (2)
--server loadbalancer.example.com

1	Include the `--force` option to register the client that has been previously registered to a standalone orcharhino Proxy.
2	Include the `--puppet-ca-port 8141` option if you use Puppet.

The script prompts for the password corresponding to the orcharhino user name you entered with the --login option.

(Deprecated) Registering Clients Manually Using katello-ca-consumer RPM

To register clients manually, complete the following procedure on each client that you want to register.

Procedure

Remove the katello-ca-consumer package if it is installed:
```
# dnf remove 'katello-ca-consumer*'
```

Install the katello-ca-consumer package from the load balancer:

# dnf install http://loadbalancer.example.com/pub/katello-ca-consumer-latest.noarch.rpm

# subscription-manager register \
--activationkey="My_Activation_Key" \
--baseurl=https://loadbalancer.example.com/pulp/content/ \
--org="My_Organization" \
--serverurl=https://loadbalancer.example.com/rhsm

Verifying the Load Balancing Configuration

Use this procedure to verify the load balancing configuration for each orcharhino Proxy.

Procedure

Shut down the base operating system for your orcharhino Proxy.
Verify that content or subscription management features are available on clients registered to this orcharhino Proxy. For example, enter the subscription-manager refresh command on a client.
Restart the base operating system for your orcharhino Proxy.

The text and illustrations on this page are licensed by ATIX AG under a Creative Commons Attribution–Share Alike 3.0 Unported ("CC-BY-SA") license. This page also contains text from the official Foreman documentation which uses the same license ("CC-BY-SA").

1	orcharhino Proxy’s private key, used to sign the certificate
2	The certificate request configuration file
3	Certificate Signing Request file